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Planning a Vegetable Garden


Peter J. Nitzsche, Morris County Agricultural Agent &
Stephen Reiners, Ph.D., Former Extension Specialist in Vegetable Crops

In today's tough economic times, the spring brings an opportunity to utilize your backyard to benefit your bottom line. It's a great activity to get your family involved, enjoy the season, and ultimately reap the benefits of all your hard work. Here are some helpful tips as you plan your vegetable garden.

The most important factor in planning a vegetable garden is location. Choose a site with good drainage and no standing water, even after the heaviest rain. Keep the garden away from trees and shrubs, which may compete with vegetables for water, nutrients, and light. Leafy vegetables, such as lettuce and spinach, require the least direct sunlight, only 4 to 5 hours. Root vegetables require 5 to 6 hours, and fruiting vegetables, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and zucchini, require at least 8 hours. Remember, NO vegetable can grow in total shade.

Once you've decided where the garden will go, it's time to choose which vegetables to grow. First, make a list of those vegetables you like. Next, put a plan down on paper. This will help you make the best use of space and will save time when planting by showing you exactly where to place your seeds and transplants. The plan should include the following information: garden size, space between rows and within rows, crops and varieties, planting dates, seeded crops, and transplanted crops. You may want to make two plans. One for the spring planting and one for a second planting for summer and autumn harvest.

Use the table included in this factsheet to help you plan. If possible, rotate your crops so similar vegetables are not planted in the same location consecutively. Remember to place your tallest growing crops on the north side of the garden so as not to shade lower growing plants. Also allow for good air movement through the garden. This ensures that moisture on plant leaves dries quickly and may lessen disease problems.

When choosing varieties, always look for ones with disease resistance. Although these varieties may cost more than some of the old standards, they more then make up for the cost with improved yields and less reliance on chemical controls. For more information call your county Rutgers Cooperative Extension office (listed in the phone book under county government) or visit our web site at www.rce.rutgers.edu.

A good garden design will save you time and make the best use of limited garden space. Most importantly, vegetables grown under optimal conditions, along with the use of disease-resistant varieties, will result in healthy, high-yielding crops.

Vegetable Planting Guide
 Spacing (in.) Transplant Planting Avg. Yield
Vegetable In Row Btwn. Rows or Seeds Dates* per 10 ft. of Row
Asparagus18 60 Crowns Perennial 5 lbs
Beans, Lima, bush4 24 seed Ma,Ju,Jl 6 lbs
Beans, Lima, pole36 36 seed Ma,Ju,Jl 7 lbs
Beans, Snap, bush4 24 seed Ma,Ju,Jl 6 lbs
Beans, snap. pole36 24 seed Ma,Ju,Jl 7 lbs
Beets3 15 seed Ap,Ma,Ju,Jl 14 lbs
Broccoli15 30 transplant Ap,Ma,Jl,Au 8 heads
Brussels Sprouts18 30 transplant Jl 5 lbs
Cabbage18 24 transplant Ap,Jl 7 heads
Cabbage, Chinese12 18 seed or trp. Ap,Jl 10 heads
Carrots 3 15 seed Ap,Ma,Ju,Jl 10 lbs
Cauliflower 24 30 transplant Jl 5 heads
Celery 6 18 transplant Ma,Ju 20 stalks
Chard, Swiss 6 24 seed Ap,Ma,Ju,Jl,Au 20 plants
Collards 18 24 seed Ap,Ma,Ju,Jl 10 lbs
Corn, Sweet 12 24 seed Ma,Ju 10 ears
Cucumbers 36 30 seed or trp. Ju,Jl 8 lbs
Eggplant 30 30 transplant Ma,Ju 20 fruit
Endive 12 18 seed or trp. Ap,Ma,Ju,Jl,Au 10 plants
Kale 15 18 seed Jl,Ag 24 lbs
Kohlrabi 4 15 seed or trp. Ap,Ma,Jl,Au 20 bulbs
Leeks 3 15 transplants Ap,Ma,Au 40 plants
Lettuce,Leaf,Romaine 8 15 seed or trp. Ap,Ma,Au,Se 15 heads
Lettuce, Bibb 6 15 seed or trp. Ap,Ma,Au,Se 20 heads
Muskmelons 36 72 seed or trp. Ju 8 melons
Mustard Greens 12 15 seed Au 10 lbs
Okra 24 36 seed Ma,Ju 100 pods
Onions, dry 4 15 seed,trp.sets Ap 10 lbs
Parsley 6 15seed Ap,Ma,Ju 20 bunches
Parsnips 3 18 seed Ap 10 lbs
Peas 2 18seed Mr,Ap 3 lbs
Peppers 15 15 transplant Ju 12 lbs
Pumpkins 48 96 seed Ju 4 fruit
Radishes 1 12 seed Ap,Ma,Ju,Jl,Au,Se 60 roots
Rhubarb 36 48 crowns Perennial 20 stalks
Rutabagas 4 18 seeds Ap,Jl 15 lbs
Spinach 4 18 seeds Ap,Se 7 lbs
Squash, bush 24 48 seeds or trp. Ju,Jl 25 fruit
Squash, vine 36 72 seeds or trp. Ju 20 fruits
Sweet Potatoes 12 36 transplants Ju 12 lbs
Tomatoes 24 36 transplants Ma,Ju 50 lbs
Turnips 3 18 seed Ap,Jl 7 lbs
Watermelons 36 96 seed Ju 3 melons
White Potatoes 12 24 tubers Ap 18 lbs
*Mr=March; Ap=April; Ma=May; Ju=June; Jl=July; Ag=August; Se=September

© 2004 by Rutgers Cooperative Research & Extension, NJAES, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.

Desktop publishing by Rutgers-Cook College Resource Center Revised: July 2003
RUTGERS COOPERATIVE RESEARCH & EXTENSION
N.J. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY
NEW BRUNSWICK

Distributed in cooperation with U.S. Department of Agriculture in furtherance of the Acts of Congress on May 8 and June 30, 1914. Rutgers Cooperative Extension works in agriculture, family and community health sciences, and 4-H youth development. Dr. Karyn Malinowski, Director of Extension. Rutgers Cooperative Research & Extension provides information and educational services to all people without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Rutgers Cooperative Research & Extension is an Equal Opportunity Program Provider and Employer.